Fisher, Marjorie M.; Lacovara, Peter; Ikram, Salima; D'Auria, Sue biên tập (2012). Ancient Nubia: African Kingdoms on the Nile. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN978-977-416-478-1.
Valbelle, Dominique; Bonnet, Charles (2006). The Nubian Pharaohs. The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN978-9774160103.